Retrotransposons mechanism - Mechanism of transposition of retroviral transposons
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The retrotransposons' replicative mode of transposition through an RNA intermediate increases the copy numbers of elements rapidly and thereby can increase genome size. Like DNA transposable elements (class II transposons), retrotransposons can induce mutations by inserting near or within genes. Furthermore, retrotransposon-induced mutations are relatively stable, because the sequence at the insertion site is retained as they transpose via the replication mechanism.
Retrotransposons copy themselves to RNA and then back to DNA that may integrate back to the genome. The second step of forming DNA may be carried out by a reverse transcriptase which the retrotransposon encodes.[4] Transposition and survival of retrotransposons within the host genome are possibly regulated both by retrotransposon- and host-encoded factors, to avoid deleterious effects on host and retrotransposon as well, in a relationship that has existed for many millions of years between retrotransposons and their hosts. The understanding of how retrotransposons and their hosts' genomes have co-evolved mechanisms to regulate transposition, insertion specificities, and mutational outcomes in order to optimize each other's survival is still in its infancy.
Most retrotransposons are very old and through accumulated mutations, are no longer able to retrotranspose. Source of the article published in description is Wikipedia. I am sharing their material. © by original content developers of Wikipedia.
Link- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Material source: Molecular Biology of the Gene (4th Edition)
James D. Watson (Author), Alan M. Weiner (Author), Nancy H. Hopkins (Author)
Link: http://www.amazon.com/Molecular-Biolo...
Mechanism of transposition of retroviral transposons alumnae | |
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