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The Hardy--Weinberg principle (also known as the Hardy--Weinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, or law) states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences. These influences include non-random mating, mutation, selection, genetic drift, gene flow and meiotic drive. Because one or more of these influences are typically present in real populations, the Hardy--Weinberg principle describes an ideal condition against which the effects of these influences can be analyzed.
In the simplest case of a single locus with two alleles denoted A and a with frequencies f(A) = p and f(a) = q, respectively, the expected genotype frequencies are f(AA) = p2 for the AA homozygotes, f(aa) = q2 for the aa homozygotes, and f(Aa) = 2pq for the heterozygotes. The genotype proportions p2, 2pq, and q2 are called the Hardy-Weinberg proportions. [Note that p + q = (p + q)2 = p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1].
If union of gametes to produce the next generation is random, it can be shown that the new frequency f′ satisfies \textstyle f'(\text{A}) = f(\text{A}) and \textstyle f'(\text{a}) = f(\text{a}). That is, allele frequencies are constant between generations. Source of the article published in description is Wikipedia. I am sharing their material. Copyright by original content developers of Wikipedia.
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21. Population genetics (Hardy Weinberg equilibrium) population genetics is the study of | |
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